The 802.11 standard, commonly known as Wi fi, is a set of wireless communication protocols and technologies that enable devices to connect and communicate over a local area network (LAN) using radio signals. The standard is developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and encompasses various amendments and versions, such as 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, and 802.11ax.
The 802.11 standard operates in the unlicensed radio frequency bands, typically in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency ranges. It provides wireless connectivity for a wide range of devices including smartphones, tablets, laptops, smart home devices, and Iot devices. Wi Fi allows users to access networks and the internet without the need for physical cables, offering convenience and flexibility in connecting to the digital world.
The 802.11 standard utilizes a combination of carrier sensing multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) techniques to ensure efficient and reliable wireless communication. CSMA/CA is a medium access control (MAC) protocol that manages the sharing of wireless channels among multiple devices, while OFDM enables simultaneous data transmission across multiple subcarriers, increasing the overall data throughput.
In terms of speed and performance, each iteration of the 802.11 standard offers faster data rates and improved network capabilities. For example, 802.11b supports maximum data rates of up to 11 Mbps, while 802.11n offers speeds up to 600 Mbps. The latest version, 802.11ax (also known as Wi Fi 6), supports even higher data rates, low latency, and increased network capacity, making it suitable for high density environments with numerous connected devices.
To establish a wireless network, a device called a wireless access point (WAP) is used. The WAP serves as a central hub for wireless communication, transmitting and receiving data packets between connected devices and a wired network infrastructure. It acts as a bridge connecting wireless devices to the internet or other network resources.
Wireless access points also provide essential features such as security measures, network management capabilities, and advanced functions like multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology to enhance signal quality and range. Additionally, they can support various Wi Fi authentication and encryption methods to ensure secure wireless connections.
In summary, the 802.11 standard, also known as Wi Fi, defines the specifications for wireless communication and enables devices to connect and communicate wirelessly over a local area network. With each iteration, the standard continues to evolve, offering faster speeds, improved performance, and enhanced network capabilities, enabling seamless wireless connectivity in various environments. Wireless access points play a crucial role in establishing and managing Wi Fi networks, providing connectivity, security, and management features.
The metal pitch refers to the distance between the centers of two adjacent metal interconnect lines on an integrated circuit (IC). Since transistors evolved into 3D strucrures, this measurement has lost significance.
The front-end and back-end are highly interdependent. A constant feedback loop between front and back-end engineers is necessary to improve manufacturing yields.
Built directly into the silicon, through silicon vias (TSV) facilitate 3D IC integration and allow for more compact packaging. They have become the default solution to interconnect different chip layers or to stack chips vertically.
Silicon carbide (SiC) is used in electric vehicles due to its wide bandgap and great thermal conductivity. Gallium nitride (GaN) shares many characteristics with SiC while also minimizing RF noise.
Generative AI for video games is still far from being real. The main challenges are latency of cloud gaming and the very high cost of
RISC-V, an open standard instruction set architecture (ISA), could have the potential to mirror the success of Linux two decades later, but in the hardware domain.
The information provided on this site is for informational purposes only. The content is based on the authors´ knowledge and research at the time of writing. It is not intended as professional advice or a substitute for professional consultation. Readers are encouraged to conduct their own research and consult with appropriate experts before making any decisions based on the information provided. The blog may also include opinions that do not necessarily reflect the views of the blog owners or affiliated individuals. The blog owners and authors are not responsible for any errors or omissions in the content or for any actions taken in reliance on the information provided. Additionally, as technology is rapidly evolving, the information presented may become outdated, and the blog owners and authors make no commitment to update the content accordingly.
